Textbook in PDF format The volume explores a wide-range of applications of Computer Vision in the field of healthcare. Computer Vision, an interdisciplinary field that combines image processing, pattern recognition, and Artificial Intelligence (AI), has the potential to revolutionize healthcare by enabling automated analysis and interpretation of medical images and videos. This chapter will provide an overview of the current advancements and potential future directions of Computer Vision applications in healthcare. Specifically, the book examines the application of Computer Vision techniques in various healthcare domains, including diagnostic imaging, surgical interventions, clinical decision support, and healthcare management. It reviews the challenges and limitations in implementing Computer Vision systems in real-world healthcare settings and discusses potential solutions. Overall, this book aims to shed light on the current and potential applications of Computer Vision in healthcare. It will summarize the state-of-the-art techniques, their benefits, challenges, and implications, while also discussing potential ethical considerations. The objective is to provide healthcare professionals, researchers, and practitioners with an understanding of the transformative impact of Computer Vision in the healthcare sector and inspire further research and development in this exciting field. Computer Vision (CV) is transforming medicine by enabling rapid and accurate automated analysis of medical images. This study explores CV’s diverse healthcare applications including disease diagnosis, robotic surgery, patient monitoring, pathology, ophthalmology, dermatology, and public health. The study explores advanced CV techniques such as image processing, segmentation, and classification, leveraging ML and DL models like CNNs, U-Net, and transformers. It highlights CV’s potential to enhance diagnostics, personalized medicine, and optimize treatments while addressing challenges like data limitations, privacy concerns, and clinical acceptance. Trends like Explainable AI (XAI), Federated Learning, and real-time applications are proposed as solutions. The study concludes by emphasizing CV’s transformative role in healthcare and the need for further research to unlock its full potential. Computer Vision, a subset of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML), has grown rapidly in recent decades. It enables machines to process visual data like images and videos, replicating human vision. Advances in algorithms, annotated datasets, and computational power, particularly with GPUs and TPUs, have driven this progress. Early CV systems relied on hand-crafted methods like edge detection and texture analysis, to identify patterns. However, these traditional techniques often struggled with complex and dynamic scenarios. The CV shift in CV technology began with Deep Learning (DL), notably Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Highlighted by the 2012 AlexNet model, CNNs delivered remarkable precision in image classification, surpassing traditional methods. Their hierarchical feature extraction automated spatial feature learning, becoming the backbone of modern CV, enabling advancements in object detection, image segmentation, and generative modeling. Further extensions like Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), and transformers enhanced CV’s scope, while transfer learning reduced reliance on large datasets, accelerating CV application development. One of the key applications of computer vision (CV) is in healthcare, where medical imaging generates vast visual data, including X-rays, CT scans, MRIs, and ultrasounds. Traditionally analyzed by clinicians, this process is prone to variability, fatigue, and data overload. CV offers automated, precise, and reproducible image analysis, aiding diagnosis, treatment planning, and patient monitoring. It enhances diagnostic accuracy, improves decision-making, and streamlines workflows, enabling clinicians to focus on critical cases. The MMDO algorithm was implemented using Python and TensorFlow, leveraging libraries like Scikit-learn and Keras. Python, paired with Deep Learning frameworks, is utilized for modeling and training. Libraries like NumPy and OpenCV support data preprocessing and image manipulation. Hugging Face Transformers handle long-range temporal dynamics in medical image sequences